Data recording system



Feb. 9, 1954 J. 01:. SHEPHERD 2368.875

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' INI/EN ran .1 0. SHEPHERD FIG u A T TORNE Y 1954 J. OD. SHEPHERD 2,668,875

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DATA RECORDING SYSTEM Original Filed July 19, 1944 11 Sheets-Sheet 7 LEOGER RE- CORDER NO.X

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TO DISTANT OFFICE IN [/5 N TOR J. O. S HE PHE RD A T TORNEY 9,1954 J. 013. SHEPHERD 2, 68

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mvewrok 1' MP J. 0. SHEPHERD By /M?5@t ATTORNEY Feb. 9, 1954 J. on. SHEPHERD 7 DATA RECORDING SYSTEM Original Filed July 19, 1944 BAND PASS FILTER 11 Sheets-Sheet ll DATA oecoozn LEDGER SELECTOR IN l/EN TOR J. 0. SHEPHERD y A a/5m:

A T TORNEY Patented Feb. 9, 1954 DATA RECORDING SYSTEM Judson o'p. Shepherd, Atlanta, Ga. Original application July is, 1944, Serial No.

1948, Serial No. 31,810

19 Claims. 1

This invention relates to means for the recording of data, the present application being a division of my copending application Serial No. 545,651, filed July 19, 1944, now patent No. 2,513,112, dated June 27, 1950, relating generally to systems employable for the recording and reproducing oi! data involving journal-ledger arrangements whereby data entries are made in chronological order to form a journal record and the data of that record are subsequently accumulated by the separate accounts to which they relate to form ledger records. The latter records may be accounting machine cards of a well known type bearing data entries as punched holes, tickets having printed data entries, ledger sheets on which entries are made, or of other suitable form.

Accounting terms will be used in describing this invention and it is appropriate to set out, without expressing limitations, definitions of such terms as generally employed herein. An entry comprises a plurality of data or digits. The amount of 2947, for example, represents an entry of four digits. A transaction" comprises a plurality 01 entries to form, in the preferred embodiments, a complete ledger record. The journal record consists of entries in substantially the chronological order of their development, and such a record normally will include a series of separate, interspersed entries of various transactions. It is the practice in accounting work to identify each journal entry so that each such entry may be posted to its proper ledger or account. The term identification," as used herein, indicates the transaction, account or ledger designation. The term source" will be used to indicate, in some embodiments 01' this invention, the point at which data for entry on the journal record are developed, or agency through which they are supplied to the journal if developed elsewhere. The source will bear an identification expressed numerically or in code which may be used, in some embodiments, as the identification oi the entries of a transaction.

One application of the journal-ledger arrangement is for preparing ledger records of transactions, each or which may arise from a separate source. Automatic ticketing of toll telephone calls is one such application in which the sources may be senders, junctors, links, district circuits, outgoing trunks or other equipment elements, or points where data are developed, or through which data are transmitted. Such an application will be employed herein to describe this invention, but it will be understood that the inven- Divided and this application June 8,

2 tion is in no wise limited to this use. A transaction with automatic ticketing may comprise,

as separate entries, the identification of the telephone at which a toll call is originated, the called telephone number, including the central ofl'lce designation thereof, the time of beginning of conversation, the time of its termination, and other data such as the central oflice equipment elements used in'connection with the establishment or ticketing of the call.

One journal recorder is provided for a plurality of sources, the number of which is dependent on the traffic, as represented by entries, to be handled. Each source, when it has an entry to be recorded, connects itself over a plurality of conductors with the journal recorder and transmits to the latter, in accordance with a four-place code, the digits of the entry together with a code for the source (transaction) identification. An indication also. is transmitted with the first entry of a transaction to so designate it, and another one for the last entry, and, where a transaction is not completed for various reasons, such as the called line being busy, the called party not answering, or the call being abandoned after partial dialing, an indication representative of this condition is also transmitted.

The journal recorder may be any suitable means for making a data and control record which may be subsequently sensed or analyzed to reproduce the recorded data and to effect control and recording operations therefrom. In the preferred embodiment, it will comprise known means for punching data designating holes in a paper tape several inches wide, with all of the digits of the data and the source identification, and in some cases a control indication, comprising an entry forming a transverse row of holes. The journal record tape is advanced an entry position after each entry. Inasmuch as it will generally take several minutes, dcpendingon the length of conversation, for all entries of a complete transaction to be made, the journal record will comprise an interspersion of entries from many sources, each with identification of its source.

A plurality of ledger recorders are provided, preferably one for each different transaction which can be recorded on a single journal record or, expressed another way for the present automatic ticketing illustration, one corresponding to each source which may be served by a journal recorder. If there are thirty sources which may make entries .on a single journal record, there substantially its maximum emciency in analyzing a journal record. With automatic ticketing, a telephone central oflice may have, say, six journal The analyzer, on the other hand, may function at recorders to serve a large number of sources. In".

the accounting ofiice, where it is contemplated the ledger records will be prepared from the journal record, one analyzer and associated're corders may serve for all six journals, which will be run in sequence. One analyzer andassociated led er recorders can, moreover, be'used for journals from a plurality'of different 'ofilcespin' which case the number of ledgerreeorders re'-' quired with the analyzer preferably willbeequal to the maximum number of sources handled by anv one of the several journal I'BCOI'dBISL The ledger recorder-may be of any suitable" typeto make a sensible or' printed recordyand preferably will be means to punch a conventional accounting machine 'card on a decimal 'basis', i. e., each digit comprising a'single punched hole at a level on the'card corresponding to the magnitude of the digit, and each digit having'a pre-' determined longitudinalposition onthe' card at which it may be punched. Such data maybe entered in accordance with a code instead of on a decimal basis.

The journal analyzer is of a type suitablefor' developing data and control information from' the type of journal record employed. In accord ance with the preferred'embodiment, this ana" lyzer will detect the presence of holes-represent ing data entries, control indications and transaction identifications in the journal record, and will correspondingly establish electrical'circuit conditions in accordance therewith. Such sensing means are well known; After-each entry has been sensed, the journal record is advanced to the next entry position.

The journal analyzer, in response to sensing a transaction identification, selects thecorresponding ledger recorder.

It then analyzes each digit of the entry, decodes or translates it from" a code into a circuit condition on of a plurality of conductors. which may be referred to hereinafter as the numerical .conductors.--The selected ledger recorder is connected to the numerical conductors and certain other control conductors over which information is passed between the recorder and the analyzer.

Each digit of the entry is decoded and the recorder enters it in its proper location on the card. If code rather than decimal ledger entries are made, decoding of the data may be omitted.

It is a feature of this invention that the journal record is analyzed or sensed in the reverse order from that in which it was prepared; That is,

the last'journal entry of a transaction is sensed first and the first entry thereof is sensed last. Likewise, the digits of each entry are sensed and decoded in reverse order. That is, the data entry or 2947 will be sensed and decoded in the order of 7, 4, 9 and 2, although the'entry on the ledger record will be in proper .order'sincei entries thereon may also be made in the reverse order. Reversed analysis and reversed entry on the ledger record has certain advantages which will be set out later.

When a recorder has completed entries on a card, that card is discharged and a fresh one is supplied to it by suitable known means. The cards maybe pre-punched for the month and day'of the journal record but, in the preferred embodiment, dials are provided which may be manually set for this date on a numerical basis, 1. e., November 22 would be 11 22. As soon as a fresh card is inserted, the recorder enters this date in'the last entry positions on the card and conditions itself for selection by the analyzer.

Whenthe analyzer first encounters an entry for a'particular recorder, it will be the last entry of'a transaction, which, in the automatic ticketingillusin'ation, is the time of conclusion of the conversation. The associated identification will cause the corresponding recorder to be selected made one or more journal entries of a transaction, or possibly several complete transactions? may have been entered from one 01' the'sources' before the'.chronological time of the beginning of a conversation of the first mentioned transaction is sensed. These intervening entries will,

of course, be recorded by their proper" recorders --in the correct positions ontheir respectivecards, the first mentioned recorder awaiting the entry of 'thetime" or the beginning of conversation. In this same general manner, other entries will be sensed to-complete the ledger record of this transaction and, likewise, cards will be more"or-- less concurrently punched by'the other'recordersfor other transactions.

Itis unnecessary for the journal record to carry an entry for the central ofli'ce designation of the calling party, since a journal record is preferably individual to an oifice; i. e.,-bears records only of calls from telephones having, as part of their number, the designation of that i The primary embodiment of this 'inven-- tion sets out arrangements whereby, prior to the analyzing of a journal, manually operable means are set to enter the'designation of the originating oflice', which is,of course, thesame'for all transactions on 'a particular" journal record. The

designation of the calling oilice code is entered as'the lastentry, and when this is completed-the recorder discharges the cardand a fresh one is supplied for a new transaction.

The-transaction cards so prepared may'then be employed with conventional, or substantially- "so; accounting machines, which can sort them according. to originating telephone numbers." These: may be filed by such-numbers throughout" themonthyor billing interval, and then placed in an automatic billing machine of'known type which'will analn'e'each such card andi-in re-'- sponse. to the entries on'each,'compute the tolls andassociated taxes, summarize them, and print" a toll bill 'i'or-each originating. number whichfl. has" made one or morevsuch toll'calls, said-bill to contain such detail information as desired which may be secured from each ledger card. It

for each call. These cards may be added to those prepared by automatic ticketing arrangements and a complete toll bill having both classes of calls may be printed with the total of the tolls and taxes summarized thereon.

The ledger cards, before being filed by originating telephone numbers, may be sorted by called offices or called points and all cards for a particular point may be run through an accounting machine which has been preset for that point and data corresponding thereto, whereby the toll and tax for each ledger card may be computed and recorded on that card. Subsequent sorting and filing by telephone numbers, and the later running of the cards for each telephone number through an automatic billing machine will result in complete toll bills being printed. This will materially simplify the billing machine and increase its speed of operation, which is important since it is desirable to transmit bills to customers as soon as possible after the close of the billing period.

The latter arrangement, together with that set out in which automatic ticketing and long distance calls are billed by a common machine, may require, for uniformity, a somewhat larger card than that set out herein. For example, space would be required for entry of the toll and tax for the call on each card, and space would be required for entry of the distant city and state in code for long distance calls so that the billing machine will be able to sense them in sufficient detail to print at least an abbreviation of the city and state in which the called party is located.

The ledger cards may a so be used to secure traflic data, such as holding times, number of calls to various points, and so on, by running them through an appropriate accounting machine.

One of the principal features of this invention is, as stated, the analyzing of the journal entry in the reverse order to that in which it was prepared. One advantage of this procedure is that it enables incomplete transactions to be detected before an entry from the journal is made on the ledger record. An arrangement which analyzes the journal record in the same direction as that in which it was made will result in ledger entries being made before it can be detected that the transaction is incomplete. For example, in connection with automatic ticketing, if the called party does not answer, the calling party will hang up and there will be no conversation interval for which a toll is to be computed. Consequently, a partially completed ledger card will be prepared which will not be needed and which must be sorted out from the completed cards. Each incomplete transaction, in accordance with the present invention, causes a corresponding indication to be entered on the journal record with the transaction identification. This is, of course, with reverse analysis, the first entry sensed by the journal analyzer for that transaction, and this indication is employed to disable the ledger recorder so that subsequent entries of that transaction will be ineffective. The first entry made on the journal record for a transaction, and therefore the last one of that transaction which is sensed, is accompanied by an indication that it is the beginning of a transaction and, in the case of an incomplete transaction which has resulted in the corresponding ledger recorder being disabed, this indication is employed to restore it to operation.

Another advantage of reverse analysis of the 6 journal record, which is preferably accumulated in a roll, is that it is not necessary for it to be rewound before being analyzed.

Another feature of this invention is the transmission to the ledger recorders by the analyzer of the digits of an entry in their reverse order. This substantially simplifies the entry of the digits in their proper locations on the ledger record. An example will illustrate. Tens of minutes, minutes and tenths of minutes of a chronological time entry may be represented by a numerical entry between 1 and 599. Assume, for example, it is 12.4 minutes or, as recorded, 124 tenths of a minute in one case, 12 tenths in another, and 1 tenth in a third. If the digits are transmitted in their correct order, the first digit would, in either case, be a 1. Some means would have to be provided to assure that, in the first case, the 1 would be entered in the third place from the right, in the second case in the second place from the right and, in the third case, in the first place at the right. With reverse entry of the digits, the tenths of minutes, minutes and tens of minutes would be entered in that order, which eliminates special means for proper position selection. In accordance with the present invention, the ledger record is automatically positioned, at the end of one entry, for the entry of the lowest digit in the order of the next entry which, with chronological time, will be for tenths of minutes. This arrangement is particularly advantageous in the application of this invention to recording of financial transactions of a magnitude between 1 cent and, say, $999.99. When the last digit of a ledger entry is made, the analyzer detects it and advises the ledger recorder, which then skips the remaining digit positions of that entry and moves the card to the lowest order position (cents) for the next entry. If, for example, an entry is for 49, the analyzer, upon transmitting a 9 and a 4, determines that this is all of the entry and so advises the ledger recorder, which will advance the ledger card past the dollar, tens of dollars, and hundreds of dollars positions to the cents position for the next entry.

An additional advantage of reverse analysis and transmission of sensed digits to the ledger recorder in their reverse order is that it facilitates the preparation of ledger records with various numbers of entries made at various predetermined locations thereon. A ledger may, in one case, be employed in connection with transactions having only one or two entries and, in another case, for transactions having, say, six entries. Arrangements are set out herein whereby, at the beginning of a journal analysis, the several ledger recorders associated with the analyzer may be set up as a group to define the number of entries to form a complete transaction and the position of each entry on the ledger record. Alternative provisions are disclosed whereby the ledger recorders may be so set up individually in accordance with the requirements of the data to be entered by them from the journal. The ledger recorders individually may be adapted to care for transactions comprising practically any required number of entries within the ledger capacity, with each entry comprising a variable number of digits, and the entries may be made at substantially any desired locations on the lodgers.

These provisions preferably are effected by selective means which may be set for a group of ledger recorders, or for individual recorders, to designate the positions on the ledgers of the lowest order dlgit of each entry and. after at least this'digitof an entry. has been .madeand :the ledger recorder released to indicate completion of the entry, to control advance of the ledger past unused digit positions to the position for the lowest order digit for the nextentry; This is .a very advantageous featureof the invention in that it provides, in a simple manner, desirablev flexibility for entering a wide variety of data at substantially any ledger positions, particularly where the ledger records have predetermined en-.

try: positions, as. with. accounting machine cards or ruled ledger sheets.

Another feature of this invention is the provision of alarm arrangements operable upon detection of improper operation. One such arw providing a visual or audible alarm, an attendant: can examine the instruments and the journal.v

record toward determining the cause of the 1 trouble.

A still further feature of this invention are arrangements whereby the journal record may be separated by dayswithout losing an entry of a transaction, particularly with automatic ticketing and the like. Should such a record be arbitrarily discontinued at midnight, for example, and a new journal record started, it might be that one or-more sources will then be handling a transaction to result in part of the entries appearing on the old record andpart on the new. It would be difficult and troublesome to examine both records to consolidatethe separated entries of transactions into complete transactions. In accordance with this invention, at midnight a clock circuit advises the journalrecorder that the journal record of the previous days transactions should beterminated. The recorder then tests the sources having access to it, and if none is in process of handling a call, the recorder causes the record to be advanced'for a number of entry positions to result in a visible blank space. If one or more of the sources is handling a call, the recorder will maintain the sources under test and, as soon as they all test normal, will cause the record to be advanced to leave a blank space to indicate where it may be cut off. The chronological time, during this waiting period, will be carried on in accordance with the previous days sequence, which, on the basis of a 24-hour clock, results in time designations of 24th hour,

25th hour, and so on, until the journal can be.

terminated without loss of an entry. Such an arrangement is particularly desirable where the telephone ofiice does not have manual attendance, or such attendance around midnight. The

extensionof time on the previous days sequence out herein. by an embodiment thereof, is thepreparation of frequency records of data entries. A record medium of suitable type ,to record a frequency range of a few thousand cycles per second isv employed- This .may be, a mag:

netlc wire, a magnetic tape,,a birefregent orthe like filament as set out in my. application Serial No.- 423A50, filed December 18, -1941,-now Patent- No. 2,497,142, February 14, 1950, or other-suit able. medium. Each" digit, is recorded on the journal medium as a short impulse of a simultaneous combination of different predetermined frequencies in accordance with a four-place code.

The transaction identification associated with adigit entry may be combinations of other predetermined frequencies. Control indications may be provided by still otherfrequencies;

In the preferred form of this embodiment,,with journal-ledger arrangements, each digit of an. entry isrecorded separately in sequence in its.-

proper order. The transaction identification fre-- quencies and the control frequencies, where pres-. v ent in an entry, are recorded after the first digit: has been entered and repeatedly thereafter dur-. ing the recording of the remaining digits of that transaction and for a short intervalthereafter.-. The. latter is for the purpose of providing selec-- tionsignals in advanced data. signals to facili-,. tate, when the record is analyzed in the reverse.

direction, .the selection of the ledger recorder for that transaction.

the entry to furnish themv in reverse-order of their original entry .to the ledger recorder. An. alternative is to record allof .the digitsof an, entry simultaneously on-the journal record, but this would require manymore different frequencies or a plurality of simultaneous record traces,

and either storage arrangements associated with the analyzer to store all of the digitssimultaneously sensed or the transmission of all. of them simultaneously to the ledger recorder for simul taneous entry at. consequent complication of the latter.

The analyzer, with this embodiment, includes.

means to translate the journal record of frequency entries into frequency signals, filtering these signals into their components, and effectv ing selective operation in response thereto. The record is adapted to be driven at uniform speed- When. a

for each digit or control operation. digit of an entry or control indication is reprotion signal on the journal record indicatesthe conclusion of the entry, whereupon the ledger. record is released andthe journal recorder is,

driven to sense the next entry.

Frequency recording of data has certain advantages over other arrangements.

identification signals may be transmitted over a one-wire, or two-wire, circuit, or other voice frequency channel between the sources and the I journal recorder. In automatic ticketing with some types of dial oflices, the source may bethe out trunk circuit which is so employedprimarily for timing control, the called telephone-'- number secured froma sender and the calling-.3 subscribers telephone number from a line and station identification circuit. With previous ar- I rangements, a relatively large number of c,on-.

journal recorder.

The recordingof the digits of that data entry one at a time obviates the .ne-- cessity of the analyzer separating the digits of One of the.- principal ones. is that the data, control, and

office, as was mentioned above.

transmitted over a. wire or pair of wires which may, in some cases, be the pair, or part thereof, subsequently used for talking purposes in the established connection. The ledger records with frequency recorded journals may be punched cards, printed slips or forms, or the like, or they may be frequency records which may eliminate requirement for the analyzer to decode the detected data frequencies.

It is contemplated that one or more journal recorders will be provided in each telephone offlce arranged for automatic ticketing and the analyzer with associated ledger recorders will be located at a central point, such as an accounting This requires the physical transportation of the record from the telephone oflice to the accounting ofiice. By using frequency recording, the journal recorders may be located in the accounting office and the primary controls therefor in the corresponding telephone oflices. Each such recorder may be connected with its associated oflice by telephone cable conductors over which the entries and control signals are transmitted.

Another means of transmitting the journal record over wires from the telephone office to the accounting office is to rewind the record, assuming it is in wire or the like form, and then continuously reproducing it and transmitting the reproduced signals to the accounting oflice where the record is re-recorded. The record may, of course, be transmitted in reverse and the accounting oflice record rewound before being sensed for ledger recording.

A still further advantage of frequency recording of journal entries is that it is less subject to incorrect entries being made due to equipment or apparatus troubles, since there is a smaller number of electrical contacts involved in the transfer of data from the point of their development to the journal recorder.

Use of frequency journal records has the further advantage that the number of digits comprising an entry is, for practical purposes, unlimited. Where marked journal records are employed having predetermined digit entry positions, as with a tape in which all digits of an entry are recorded as a transverse row of marks such as holes, the record medium must be of sufflcient size to care for the maximum entry which may be present, or the entry must be broken up into sub-entries.

Reference herein to marked records and frequency records is to generally distinquish between the different means of recording data. Marked records in the sense herein considered may comprise those on which information is recorded by sensible marks designating by their location on the record, their arrangement, their shape, their intensity, their orientation, or some other discernible characteristic or combination thereof, the value or intent of the information to be conveyed thereby. Frequency records, as considered herein, comprise a recording of information signals made up of one or more distinguishable frequencies comprising a single, but not necessarily so, record trace. These distinctions are general and not limiting since it is recognized that the art shows no such fundamental dividing line. Patent No. 2,325,941, August 3, 1943, to A. H. Dickinson, shows, for example, records having both marked and frequency characteristics. It is further recognized that marked records in the form of narrow tape carrying a limited number of transverse marking positions, of which conventional teletypewriter perforated tape is illustrative, has certain characteristics making it applicable to the invention with a substantial portion of the fundamental conception disclosed herein of frequency records.

A clearer conception of the scope and purpose of the invention, and still further features thereof, may be obtained from the following description, appended claims and eleven sheets of drawings comprising twenty-one figures, in which:

Figure 1 is a one-line diagram showing general arrangements for preparing a journal record of data from a plurality of sources.

Fig. 2 is a one-line diagram of general arrangements for preparing a journal record of a plurality of transactions from a single data source, such as a keyboard.

Fig. 3 indicates arrangements whereby one or more sources may selectively make entries on any one of a plurality of journal records.

Fig. 4 shows schematically the general organization of recorder arrangements whereby ledger records may be prepared from a journal record.

Fig. 5 shows a ledger record in the form of a punched card.

Fig. 6 indicates how Figures 10, 11 and 12 of the drawings may be arranged to set out means for preparing a journal record in the form of a marked or punched tape.

Fig. 7 shows how Figures 17, 18 and 19 of the drawings may be arranged to set out the preparation of a journal comprising a frequency record.

Fig. 8 shows arrangements of Figures 13 or 21 and 14 of the drawings to set out journal analysis and ledger preparation arrangements.

Fig. 9 is a one-line diagram of the general organization of marked or punched tape journal preparation arrangements.

Figs. 10, 11 and 12, when arranged in accordance with Fig. 6, disclose, by means of circuit conventions, an embodiment of the invention for preparing a marked or punched tape journal record in connection with dial telephone equipment. Figs. 10 and 11 are directed primarily to a dial telephone trunk and recorder control circuit, and Fig. 12 to journal recording arrangements.

Figs. 13 and 14, when arranged in accordance with Fig. 8, show an analyzer for a journal prepared in accordance with Figs. 10, 11 and 12. Fig. 13 is directed to the analyzer, and Fig. 14 to an associatedledger recorder.

Fig. 15 shows alternative arrangements to those disclosed by Fig. 14 for selecting the number and location of ledger record entries.

Fig. 16 is a one-line diagram of the general organization of frequency journal record preparation arrangements.

Figs. 17, 18 and 19, when arranged to accordance with Fig. 7, disclose, by means of circuit conventions, an embodiment of the invention for preparing a journal record comprising frequency signals in connection with dial telephone equipment. Fig. 1'? relates to a dial telephone sender, Fig. 18 is directed to a trunk circuit and calling station identifier, and Fig. 19 shows a journal recorder.

Fig. 20 shows alternative arrangements for transfer of information between the sender and the trunk of Figs. 17 and 18.

Fig. 21 sets out an analyzer of a frequency journal record such as may be prepared in accordance with Figs. 17, 18 and 19; Fig. 21 may best be 1 I understood by arranging it with Flgf14 as indicated by Fig. 8.

1. GENERAL ARRANGEMENTS With reference to Fig. 1, a plurality of sources are indicated as A, B, C and D. Each source may 7 comprise a manually operable keyboard, a dial telephone circuit element which produces data or through which data entries are transmitted,

or any other appropriate means for producing.

a plurality of data entries to form transactions. When a source has an entry to be made, a circuit condition is set up to cause a finder, shown schematically as a rotary switch, but which maybe relay or other appropriate arrangements, tointerconnect that source with a suitable data recorder. The source then transmits the data entry and identification of the transaction, which, in this illustrative case, may be the identification of the source. This entry of data and its associated identification are recorded on the journal record. With a journal'record tape or other recording arrangements whereby the data and identification are simultaneously entered,'preferably in accordance with a code, the journal is advanced one entry position after each entry is completed. With ournal records in which data are recorded by short impulses of a combination of frequencies, the record is driven at uniform speed for each digit of the entry.

After a journal entry has been made from a source, that source is disconnected from the recorder. Another source with an entry is subsequently connected to-the recorder and that entry is made. fore, will carry interspersed entries from the several sources involving a plurality of transactions, with each entry accompanied by its identification.

Entries for various transactions may bemade by a single source, which may be represented by a manually operable keyboard as indicated by Fig. 2. This keyboard preferably-hastwosections, each provided with rows of numerical keys decimally arranged as with a .Comptometer'or other familiar calculating machine. Keys of. section I I are provided for the data entryand-those of section I! for the transaction'identification. Keys in both sections are operated toform a'complete entry which is recorded on the journal. The journal is then advanced for a new-entry which may be a part of a'difierenttransaction. Inasmuch as the journal recorder. mayfunction much faster than the keyboard operator, a" plurality of keyboards'may' be servedby' a single journal recorder in accordance with the general arrangements shown in 1. A ill-key keyboard may be used with meansto differentiate data entries from transaction. identification.

Keyboard arrangements such as have been mentioned may be provided'withauxiliary keys to effect entry on the journal of other information, such as designations of the'first entry and the last entry of each transaction andindication of an incomplete transaction.

In some applications of this invention, it be desirable for entries on either of a plurality of journal records selectively to be made from a single source or plurality of sources, and arrangements for accomplishing this are indicated by Fig. 3. One such applicationis to accounting procedures in a businesshouse in whichmore ledger accounts are required than canreconomically be carried by,-and reproduced from,- a single journal record.

Sources l3, l4: and maybe keyboardsgen- This is repeated. The journal, there 'erallysimilar to that of Fig. 2;? it it beiassumed that a single journalrecord may carry: entries for one hundred transactions or ledge'rs, and

this source .for this. purpose; In a'similar man- -ner any other source. such as M or. l5 can. make entries selectively on .either of the journals.

:Wherethere is only onesource andaplurality of journal recorders, a selector may be employed to'select the required journal recorderv asindlcated by the first digit of the ledger identification.

Arrangements .for the preparatiaon ofledger records from journal entries made in accordance with Figs. 1, 2 or 3 are generally shown by Fig. 4. The journal record is scanned or sensed by an analyzer which is of appropriate typefonany of the various forms ofjournal records which may be prepared within the scope of this invention. There is a plurality of ledger recordspdesignated A, B, C and D, corresponding respectively, to source A, B, C and D, or to similarly designated transactions. The analyzer senses .each entry and selectsthe ledger recorder for that entry in response to the sensed identification thereof. .The selected ledger recorder is'actuated in response to sensed data of that entry to make a ledger entry thereof. The journal is then advanced and the operation of'selectinga recorder and making an entry isrepeated; At the completion of each ledger entry, the ledger record is advanced. As a resultof these repeated operations, the various. entries of each transaction are recorded on their respective ledgenrecords to form a group of correlated entries-or complete transactions.

.The ledger recorder and. associated-"record medium may be of any suitable type for'making a sensible record. Printing of the entries foxeach ledger or transaction on a tape, card or ledger page is contemplated, in which case therecorder will be of suitable known type for printing-characters in response to data signals sensed by the analyzer. In thepreferred form of this invention, however, theledger record comprises a con- 1 ventional accounting'machine card and the recorder may be of known typeto punch data representing holes at proper locations thereon in response to sensed data, to advance the card after each data entry or digit thereof has been recorded, to discharge a card when the trans action entries have beencompleted'and to in.- troduce a fresh card. It is further'contemplated that the analyzer-recorder arrangementsmay cause data other than that sensed'from the journal to be entered, such as the date, the identity: fication of the analyzer and the identification of the transaction.

A plurality of different journalrecords-may analyzed and ledger records prepared therefrom by a single analyzer and associated ledger recorderssuch as'shown by Fig. 4. illustrated with respect to i the journals by arrangements outlined by Fig. 3. When a journal is to be analyzed, the analyzer may be set by means of a dial or the like for the first digit of the ledger identification, said digit corresponding to the journal since only ledger entries having a common first digit in the identification may be carried by any one journal. Whenever an entry is sensed and entered on its corresponding ledger, the analyzer may cause, in response to the dial setting, the recorder also to record the first digit of the ledger identification and, if desired, the ledger identification. The full three digits of the ledger identification may, as an alternative, be entered on the journal record to efiect selection of the ledger recorders and the entry of the identification thereof.

Where ledger sheets are employed, the ledger recorders may be adapted to print entries thereon. Before analysis of a journal, the ledger sheets upon which entries may be made from that journal may be placed at the proper line positions in the corresponding ledger recorders. The data entries and date may then be entered on the ledger sheets, and each advanced a line after each such entry.

It is contemplated that preferably there will be a ledger recorder for each identifiable transaction, source or difierent ledger, data for which are carried by a single journal. This is not necessarily so. If there are entries for 100 difierent ledgers which may be carried on a single journal, a smaller number of ledger recorders may be used to prepare the ledger records. If

twenty ledger recorders are provided, the jour- .tries except for identifications of ledgers designated one to twenty, inclusive. The journal may then be analyzed to result in entries on the twenty ledgers being made. The journal may then be rewound, the analyzer reset for ledgers designated twenty-one to forty, inclusive, and the journal again analyzed. This may be repeated to result in complete entries on one hundred separate ledgers by five successive analyses of the journal.

It is to be particularly noted that in the preferred embodiments of this invention the direction of movement of the journal record through the analyzer, as indicated by the associated arrow on Fig. 4, is opposite to that in which the record was prepared, as indicated by the arrows in Figs. 1, 2 and 3. This results in the journal entries being sensed in the reverse order of their entry. The purpose and advantages of this reversed analysis were set out above and will be considered further below.

An illustrative ledger record as an accounting machine punched card is shown in Fig. 5. This card, for purposes of describing applications of the invention to preparing records of data of telephone calls, or automatic ticketing as it is known to the art, has forty digit entry positions designated l to 40, inclusive. Positions other than those for entries are numbered better to explain the steps of introducing a fresh card into the ledger recorder and discharging one on which entries have been made. Sprocket holes are preferably provided as indicated along the lower edge of the card to assure accurate registration of entry positions with respect to a suitable punching mechanism.

Designation of groups of entry positions may be printed, as shown at the top of the card, for assistance in visual interpretation or the data carried thereby. The first seven digit positions are provided for entry of the number or identification of the telephone from which a call is placed. Positions 8 to 15, inclusive, are for entry of the called telephone number. Positions 16 through 23 are for entry of certain equipment elements employed in establishing the connection and/or preparing the data record. Positions 24, 25 and 26 are reserved for special purposes, such as the entry of message units where measured telephone service is provided, particularly with multiple registration whereby charges are based on the number of message units incurred for a call, as will be explained, or to designate the classification of the calling telephone. I

The chronological time of the beginning of conversation for which a toll is to be computed is entered in positions 27 through 31, designated Start." Likewise, the time of conclusion of the conversation is entered in positions 32 to 36, inclusive, designated End. The month and day the call is placed are entered under Date in positions 3'? through 40, inclusive.

With this particular type of card, a digit entry comprises a hole punched in the appropriate column at a vertical position corresponding to its value in accordance with the scale at each end of the card. The sample entry shown indicates that a call was placed from telephone 5-2947 to telephone number 3-8765, Equipment unit No. 1 was used as indicated by column No. 23. Converstation started at 3:28.! p. .m, or 15:28.7 as indicated on the basis of a twenty-four hour clock, and ended at 15:35.9, the first two digits indicating the hour, the next two the minutes, and the last one the tenths of minutes. The call was placed on October 12th (1012) The year may be printed on the card as 1947, for example.

It will be understood that this type of card is merely illustrative 'of any suitable form of medium which may carry data entries of any type which are sensible by appropriate means, including ledger sheets, tapes, paper slips, or the like, upon which either code indications or printed characters may be recorded. For applications of the invention where data entries may be made in code, a relatively narrow card or tape may be used with code positions for a four-place code, digits of which may be indicated by suitably marking combinations of these code positions in accordance with the data code employed, said marking comprising apunched hole, a light affecting scoring, a localized change of electrical resistance or such other type as is desirable, and the record medium employed therewith will, of course, be chosen appropriate thereto. Where the ledger records are to be employed with a billing machine adapted to print or type letter characters either with or without numerals, a fiveor six-place code may be used appropriate for actuating said machine.

Still another form of ledger record may be a card, or the like, which is relatively wide so that all digits of an entry may be made in a single row in accordance with a four-, five-, or six-place code for each digit or character. Where a fiveplace code is used, separate control entries may be provided to efiect shifting from letters to figures for that row, or portion thereof. Eight digit or character positions will generally sumce for applications to automatic ticketing, since that number will care for the largest telephone munber now in general use and indicate intelligible abbreviations or any city and State. The journal H record'shownby Fig. 13 indicates an entry of a plurality of coded digits ina :row.

-The ledger recorder maybe arranged to open -perforations along the edge of a record can]. or

the'like to facilitate sorting in a manner generally similar to the system known to the trade as Keysort. .Patent No. 1,739,087 Dec. 10,1929, to Perkins is illustrative of such cards." For" application toautomatic ticketing, the number of the telephone from which a call isplaced and designation of the called ofilcemay be indicated by punched out perforations along the edge of the card rather than; or as a supplement to, such designations in the normal entry positions therefor. This will aid insorting of the cards by called offices first for rating the call and entering the toll and tax thereon byan accounting machine,

. andthen'by calling-telephone numbersforfiling in accordanceytherewith untilithe end" of the billing period.

The invention will :be described inconnection with the preparation of a cardof the type shown by-Fig. 5, but it is believed that the preparation of other types of ledger records, such as described above, will be understood by the. competent in 1 this art from what is set out below.

. It is contemplated for the purposes of describing the invention, and shown by the drawings, that data. will be transmitted, recorded, sensed and employed to select and'actuate ledger recorders in accordance with a four-place code. It is well known that four elements taken one, two, three and four at a timelnay-be made to define fifteen different conditions. The four code elements may be represented by a, b, c and d. The code selected from the-large number available for representation of numerical and other data herein is, as follows:

Digit Code Digit Code a b c b c d c 1 a c d Y b d a b a d b c d The character V represents a vacant, digit position, and the code combination is effective to cause the ledged recorder to. skip a digit .entry position. Ihe above code employs only eleven of thefifteen code possibilities of four places, and

1 more than thirty-one sources or concurrent transactions may beserved by a single journal recorder.

' If thecapacity ofthe journal recorder islimited to sixty-three sources, a six-place code maybe employed. It will be apparentfromwhat follows that the source or transaction identification may been a decimal basis, in which case two digits may be employed to define one hundred "identifications; "The decimal basis will be preferable where it is desirable to enter the identification of the transaction or source on theledger record. Should a'two digitrepresentationempossible combinations of afoot-place code be employed, 225 different-identifications maybe so defined. It is believed to be sumcient "for clear-understanding of this invention, however, to'describe it on the basis of thirty different sources or transactions served'by each journal recorderywithidentification on a five-place code basis. The elements of this code throughout the drawings will be commonly designated as e,

f. endi- It is desirable for reasons set out below, to en- 'ter additional information on the journal record recorders.

for control of the journal analyzer and ledger One of these is to indicate the beginning, or first entry, of each transaction. The

designatedby the letter 7'.

circuit elements related thereto will be commonly Another indication is for the end, or last entry, of a transaction,

which will be commonly designated by the letter 10. The'thirdsuch'indication is for an incomplete transaction, and this will be commonlydes ignatedby the letter m.

With three sensible elements such as 9, k, and

' m, itis feasible toeffect seven selective operatheanalyzer and/or recorders.

'tionsin accordance with a three-place code. These additional indications thus derived-maybe employed to indicate various information on the journal -for corresponding functional control of They may, for

- example, be employed for. selecting entry positions for data'on the ledger media as will. be described. Recording of supplemental information "on the ledger may also be effected thereby, such ,gas,with financial transactions or stock records, the indication of debit and credit entries.

' 2. MARKED JOURNAL RECORDS The invention as shownby the drawings and describedherein is primarily in connection with automatic ticketing, a mentioned, since its application thereto is well suited to illustrate its operation and features. The generalorganization of thetelephone apparatus and the recorders for preparing journal records of the marked'type incident to automatic ticketing is shown'by Fig. 9; This figure is anoutline for orientation of arrangements shown in detail by Figs. 10, 11 and 12.

It is assumed that step-by-step switches of conventional type are employed in, the telephone "office ;for establishing connections under'control of dials on telephones designated Sub. Other types of dial equipment may be used. When the receiver is removed, or an. equivalent operation "is performed incident toplacing acall, an idle line finder finds the line of. the calling party in desired number.

the usual manner. The subscriber then dials a This may be to a'tel'ephoneln the same oiiice or to one in another office-which may be reached without incurr ng a tollcharge. The present description is limited, however, to calls to other offices requiring that data be recorded for .purpose of determining the charges and preparing a bill therefor.

1 Outgoing trunks tooflices requiring billing for calls thereto are indicated as being reached. by the subscriber dialing a single digit identifying that oflice. The wiper of the selector is raised,

inresponse to this digit, to the level ofv its bank corresponding to the desiredv ofiice and the. selector then hunts over terminals of this .level for an idle trunk thereto. Outtrunk switches, notshown, may be provided to increasethe efficiency of a large group of trunks.

The trunk circuits are arranged in groups. and eachygroupis served by a journal recorder. *Trunks'served by 'any'recorder preferably are 17 connected to various offices, calls to which require preparation of call records. This will provide emcient use of the recorders since the traflie to the various ofllces may have maximum periods at different times of the day.

When one of these trunks is selected, it indicates need for preparation of call data, so that trunk connects itself to the journal recorder of its group as soon as the latter is available, if it is then making an entry from another trunk. with the recorder connected to it, the trunk then connects itself to a station identifier of suitable known type and causes that identifier to extend to the recorder of that trunk group the identification of the calling telephone station over a group of conductors, and this identification is recorded. The trunk causes the recorder also to enter the designation of the trunk (source or transaction) as it does with each subsequent entry made by it. This is the first entry of a transaction and is so designated to the recorder. The station identifier and recorder are then released.

The dialed digits, other than the office code, of the called number are recorded by the trunk circuit concurrently with actuation of the dial switches, or the like, in the called ofifice. When the complete number has been dialed, the trunk again connects itself with the recorder and makes an entry of this number together with designation of the office in which the called telephone line is terminated. The latter is provided by virtue of the outgoing end of the trunk circuit being connected only to that office.

The trunk circuit then releases the recorder and subsequently reconnects itself thereto to enter information with respect to certain of the equipment elements used in connection with the call.

When the called party answers, a supervision signal returned over the trunk conductors from the distant ofilce causes the trunk to connect itself to the recorder and indicate thereto the beginning of the conversation interval. The recorder has arrangements operatively responsive to this indication to cause it to enter the chronological time.

At the conclusion of conversation, restoration of the receiver, or the like, at the calling telephone causes the trunk circuit again to connect itself to the recorder for another chronological time entry, accompanied by the designation that this entry completes the transaction.

The trunk circuit is arranged so that it may be immediately reused for another connection at the conclusion of conversation without interfering with the recording of the time of completion.

The called line may be busy or the called telephone may not be answered. The calling party may abandon the call for other reasons, such as being interrupted, finding that he is calling the wrong number or fumbling the dial. If the first entry has been made on the journal when the calling party hangs up, the trunk circuit connects itself again to the recorder and causes it to enter its identification and the designation of an incomplete transaction.

Any transaction which is opened on the journal is closed thereon, either by a complete set of entries for the transaction or by the designation of an incomplete transaction.

With reference to Figs. 10, 11 and 12, arranged in accordance with Fig. 6, it will be assumed for illustration that the subscriber at telephone station numbered -2947 (Fig. places a call for telephone number 3-8765. In the numbering plan of the telephone area assumed for illustration, the first digit designates the telephone office and the following four digits identify the main stations or private branch exchange trunks in that oflice. It is further assumed that each call from office No. 5 to ofiice No. 3 necessitates a toll charge be made. I

An outgoing trunk to ofiice No. 3 is indicated at the top of Fig. 10. Arrangements for registering the four digits of the called number and connecting, by means of number connecting relay NC, the registers to the journal recorder are also indicated. A calling station identifier, represented by box 22, is located in the lower left of this figure.

Fig. 11 shows arrangements individual to the trunk of Fig. 10 primarily for controlling the transmission of information to the journal recorder. Source connector relay SCH, upon operating, connects a plurality of conductors to the journal recorder.

Fig. 12 shows a journal recorder which is common to a plurality of trunk circuits such as shown by Figs. 10 and 11. Allotting arrangements provide for the connection of only one source or trunk to the recorder at a time by operation of its relay SC- and, for the recording of the called number, relay NC. A journal tape with suitable marking means, shown here as conventional punching means, is indicated at the bottom of this figure. Control relays for the recorder are at the right of the punching means. Chronological timing means are shown at the top of Fig. 12. This preferably comprises a group of five cams of the familiar sequence switch type with carryover means mechanically interconnecting them. The lowest cam of the order for tenths of minutes has ten positions and is advanced a step at a time by suitable clockwork, or the like, contacts which close momentarily every six seconds. The minutes cam, which also has ten positions, is advanced one step by said carryover means at the end of each revolution of the tenths of minutes cams. The tens of minutes cam has six positions per revolution and is advanced a position upon each revolution of the minutes cam. The hours cam has 24 positions based on a 24-hour clock, and it is advanced a position upon each revolution of the tens of minutes cam. The tens of hours cam has three positions and is advanced a position at the end of the tenth, twentieth and twenty-fourth hour by the hours cam. Certain of the cams, for example that for tens of hours, may be designed for several cycles per revolution.

2.1. Establishing the c nnection When the receiver of station 5-2947 is removed, or an equivalent operation is performed, the line over which said station is served is found in conventional manner by a line finder. Dial tone is thereupon supplied the calling subscriber, who then dials the called number. The first digit thereof (3) actuates the first selector to pick an idle trunk, either directly or through an out trunk switch, not shown, to office No. 3. When this trunk is found, a circuit may be traced from battery, the lower winding of relay L, the upper left hand winding of repeating coil RC, normally closed contacts No. 2 of relay CA, conductor R (ring) through the particular station identifier 23, bank contacts and wipers of the first selector and line finder, the station, conductor T (tip), back through the line finder and 

